What does extravasation refer to in a medical context?

Extravasation in a medical context refers specifically to the leakage of fluid from a vessel into surrounding tissues. This occurs when a substance, such as a medication or contrast agent, escapes from the intended intravenous space and enters the interstitial space. This can happen for various reasons, such as a damaged vein or improper placement of a catheter.

The significance of recognizing and managing extravasation is crucial, particularly in radiology, where contrast media is frequently utilized. When extravasation occurs, it can lead to complications like swelling, pain, tissue damage, or even necrosis, depending on the nature of the fluid and the volume leaked. Understanding this term helps healthcare professionals take preventive measures and respond appropriately when such incidents occur.